Holidays are comin up soon! woooo..I will definitely get back those hours of sleep I sacrificed.
Damn you HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST!!
I am bored. Therefore I will do my revision of the topics I need to know here. If you are not interested, please press the cross button at the top right hand corner of your screen.
-There are 6 types of synovial joints.
1.Gliding joint
2.Hinge Joint
3.Ball and socket joint
4.Pivot Joint
5.Saddle Joint
6.Condyloid Joint
Gliding joint
Eg. The carpals of the wrist.
Description- It allows a wide variety of movement but not much distance it is restricted by the surrounding ligaments.
Hinge Joints
Eg. The elbow joint between the humerus and ulna.
Description- This joint acts like a door hinge. It allows flexion and extension in one plane.
Pivot Joint
Eg. The elbow between radius and ulna.
Description- One of the bones rotates around the other. In this case the radius rotates about the ulna.
Condyloid Joint
Eg. The wrist.
Description- A condyloid joint is where 2 bones fit together with an odd shape. One bone is concave and the other is convex. It permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction but no axial rotation.
Saddle Joint
Eg. The thumb. Between the metacarpal and carpal.
Description- Saddle joints represents a saddle. It permits flexion, adduction, abduction, circumduction, extension but no axial rotation. Same as condyloid joint.
Ball and Socket Joint
Eg. The shoulder or hipjoints.
Description- The ball-shaped surface of one bone fits into the cuplike depression of another. This allows the bone to rotat 360 degrees. This joint permits the most movement of bones.
There are 3 types of muscle tissues.
-Skeletal muscle.
-Smooth muscle.
-Cardiac muscle.
Skeletal muscle
-Anchored by tendons to the bones.
-Help in locomotion and maintaining posture.
-The shape of muscle is elongated and cylindrical shape.
-The nucleus is at the centre.
Smooth muscle
-It is found within walls of these organs.
-Eg. Oesophagus, bladder, uterus and respiratory tracts.
-Allows expansion and contraction easily.
Cardiac muscle
-It is found only in the heart.
-The muscle is striated. Arranged in regular, parallel bundles.
-Connects at branching, irregular angles.
There are different kinds of epithelium tissues. Different shapes and sizes as well. Different tissues for different parts of the body.
Squamous
-Flat and irregular flattened shape.
-Can be found at kidneys and major cavities of the body.
-Has minimal barrier to diffusion.
-Nucleus is at the centre.
Cuboidal
-Width of tissue is same as height.
-Nuclues is at the centre.
-Forms smallest duct glands and many kidney tubules.
Columnar
-The tissue is taller than it is wide.
-Nucleus is close to the base of the cell.
-Can be found in the small intestines.
Transitional
-This is a special type of epithelium
-Can be found in stretchable organs such as the bladder.
-When this epithelium is distended, it seems like it has a few layers.
-When it is contracted, it seems to have alot of layers.
Thats it for now. I will revise through it again and get my rest. Till then.